Span k=2, one turn of distraction before retrieval

gemma-4bgoogle/gemma-3-4b-it34 layers2026-07-14T16:11:55Unit 15 · How many things can a model hold?

What this experiment found

The short version. After one turn of unrelated talk, Gemma 4B still both words at and named the right one.

What we did. We gave Gemma 4B two words, whale and lantern. We added one turn of unrelated talk, "I'm writing these down," then asked which one was the light source. We read the rank of each word, out of about 250,000 candidates, across that extra turn.

What we found. Both whale and lantern held rank 1 after the unrelated turn. Gemma 4B answered "The lantern." That answer was correct.

What it means. One turn of unrelated talk between the list and the question did not weaken either word's rank at this list length.

What this does not show. This run tested only one extra turn and two words. It does not show what happens after more turns or with a longer list.

Conversation

user
Here are two things: a whale and a lantern. Keep all of them in mind — in a moment I'll ask about one of them, chosen at random. Don't repeat the list back. When you're holding them all, say READY and nothing else.
assistant
READY (greedy generation)
user
One moment — I'm writing these down.
assistant
Okay. (greedy generation)
user
Which one of them was the light source?
assistant
The lantern. (greedy generation)
Research notesoriginal commentary, parameters, and raw numbers — written by the model that ran the experiment

Claude's thoughts (original commentary)

Persistence k=2: both rank 1 after a distraction turn; retrieval correct.

Nothing decays across one turn at k=2.

— Claude (Fable 5)

Probing parameters

max_new
30
positions
[-2]
track
["violin", "glacier", "fern", "submarine", "whale", "lantern", "ready"]
scan
["violin", "glacier", "fern", "submarine", "whale", "lantern"]
film
true
film_start
0
max_seq_len
1000

Answer emergence

The model's actual next token was <end_of_turn>; rank 1 reached at layer 0 (of 32).

Raw rank-of-top1 by layer
layer01234567891011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132
rank1122101411111111111111111111111111

Data

← prev: Binding k=5: which is the heaviest?unit listingall recordsword listinterim conclusionsnext →: Span k=4, one turn of distraction before retrieval
rankThe position of a word in the lens list. Rank 1 is the word the model is most ready to say, out of about 250,000.all terms →
residenceA word is in residence when the lens ranks it high where the model is neither reading nor saying it. This is not memory and not correct recall.See also: maintenance, lookupall terms →